Toxicology results are expected to determine how 40 calves died at a Gippsland farm at the weekend.
Police said the cattle died after 75 calves became unwell on Saturday at the Princes Highway, Darnum, property.
Victoria Police Superintendent Mick West, Morwell, said police were yet to rule out if the calves had been poisoned.
"It's very unusual for that many cattle to go like that," Supt West said.
"The most appropriate samples have been taken and we won't know the cause of death until we receive those toxicology results.
"If it is foul play, it will be a full investigation."
Anyone with any information is urged to phone Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or submit a confidential report online at crimestoppervic.com.au.
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